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CCNA Certification

 

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA®) validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size route and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN. CCNA curriculum includes basic mitigation of security threats, introduction to wireless networking concepts and terminology, and performance-based skills. This new curriculum also includes (but is not limited to) the use of these protocols: IP, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Serial Line Interface Protocol Frame Relay, Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2),VLANs, Ethernet, access control lists (ACLs).

Exam Topics

The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the Cisco Certified Network Associate exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time without notice.

  • Describe how a network works
  • Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications
  • Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network
  • Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices
  • Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN
  • Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats
  • Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network
  • Implement and verify WAN links

Features of ACIT:

  • 5000 Square feet area
     
  • 14 class rooms
     
  • 8 dedicated CCNA racks
     
  • 24/7 lab access
     
  • Online access for CCNA students.
     
  • Latest ISR Routers 
     
  • Latest Layer3 Switches

 

What is a CCNA?  What is the full form of  CCNA?

Answer 

Computer is not an acronym, it is a device that "computes" by executing basic instructions. 

Answer 

Is it your belief that the word is made up of other words? It isn't. Computer is the word. It means someone, or something, that computes, or works with numbers.

Answer 

There is no real full form of the computer , it is made by users and Computer the word is generated with the English word "Compute" , it's

general meaning Calculate. If any word has full form then it should be in Capital letter such as " COMPUTER" ....this capital letter means it

is the collection of many different words but here it is a English word in it self. So English says that there is no Full Form of any English

word which has any meaning . So Computer has no Full Form...

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA®) validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size

 route and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN. CCNA

curriculum includes basic mitigation of security threats, introduction to wireless networking concepts and terminology, and

performance-based skills. This new curriculum also includes (but is not limited to) the use of these protocols: IP, Enhanced

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Serial Line Interface Protocol Frame Relay, Routing Information Protocol Version 2

 (RIPv2),VLANs, Ethernet, access control lists (ACLs).



Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_full_form_of_c.o.m.p.u.t.e.r.#ixzz1OuQXxYll


John Mills CCIE #5037 takes us through the rudiments of IP Addressing including dotted decimal notation and classfull addressing



Cisco Training CCNA IP Addressing - Part 2 of 5 - John Mills CCIE #5037 teaches the way computers distinguish different classes of address in part two of this series.



Cisco Training CCNA IP Addressing - Part 3 of 5 - John Mills CCIE #5037 teaches part three in this series. In this section, he discusses the requirement for subnet masks and defines their operation.



Cisco Training CCNA IP Addressing - Part 4 of 5 - John Mills CCIE # 5037 teaches part four in the series. The subject concerns the way computers apply subnet masks.



Cisco Training CCNA IP Addressing - Part 5 of 5 - Instructor John Mills CCIE #5037 takes us through an IP addressing calculation as performed by computer devices in part five of the series

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Cisco Certified Network Associate CCNA  

About CCNA Exam:  CCNA Certification is offered by Cisco®. CCNA tests your knowledge and skills in the areas of simple LAN/WAN switching, Cisco IOS, and routing technologies. Topics include TCP/IP model of internetworking, configuring, and troubleshooting RIP, RIP v2, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, NAT, Remote Access using some of the most widely used Cisco switches and routers. Please visit the Cisco website for current objectives. Two recommended resources for Cisco certification preparation are Cisco Press "Cisco CCNA Preparation Library" and CCNA by Sybex.  There are many others that are very good, but not widely known. CCNA is the foundation exam for CCNP (Cisco Certified Networking Professional). The exam notes is a brief review of important points that help in quick review of key points.  

 

Cram Notes:

1. Internetwork IP addressing:

IP addresses are written using decimal numbers separated by decimal points. This is called  dotted decimal notation of expressing IP addresses.

The different classes of IP addresses is as below:  

Class  

Format  

Leading Bit    pattern 

Network address Range 

Maximum networks

Maximum hosts/ nodes  

A

N.H.H.H  

0

0-126 

127  

16,777,214  

B  

N.N.H.H  

10  

128-191

16,384   

65,534  

C  

N.N.N.H 

110  

192-223    

2,097,152  

254  

- Network address of all zeros means "This network or segment".

- Network address of all 1s means " all networks", same as hexadecimal of all Fs.

- Network number 127 is reserved for loop-back tests.

- Host (Node)  address of all zeros mean "This Host (Node)".

- Host (Node) address of all 1s mean "all Hosts (Nodes) " on the specified network.

2. The range of numbers from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 are used for multicast packets. This is known as Class D address range.

3. Subnetting is nothing but creating networks within a network. Subnetting allows an organization with a single IP address (Class A /ClassB /ClassC) to have multiple subnetworks, thus allowing several physical networks within the organization.

4. How to maximize the number of subnets for a given number of hosts:

Let us take a network ID of 168.8.0.0, and find the maximum number of possible subnets and the corresponding subnet mask that can accommodate at least 500 hosts. The steps involved are outlined below:

I. Find the Class of the IP address, in this case it is a class B network. Class B network has the form N.N.H.H. Therefore, we have a total of 16 bits (two octets) for assigning to internal networks and hosts. The minimum number of host addresses required is 500. The last octet corresponds to 2^8 = 256 hosts which is still less than 500 Hosts.. Therefore, you have to borrow one more bit from the third octet to make it 256*2 = 512 Hosts. This leaves 7 bits in the third octet for assigning subnet addresses. This is equal to 2^7=128 subnets.

II. Write the 7 bits available for subnetting in third octet in the form 11111110 (last bit being the Host bit). The decimal equivalent of the first seven bits is 2^7+2^6+2^5+2^4+2^3+2^2+2^1

                                                      = 128 + 64  +32 + 16 + 8  + 4   + 2  = 254.

III. Therefore, the subnet mask required is 255.255.254.0.

6. How to maximize the number of hosts for a given number of subnets:

    Determining the subnet mask that allows maximum number of hosts:

    Let us consider an IP address 196.202.56.0 with four subnets and maximize the number of host for the given subnets. The steps involved are as below:

I. The  number of subnets required are four. We need to add subnets of all ones and all zeros to this. This is because all zeros and all ones subnets belong to "this subnet" and "all subnets" broadcasts and can not be used. Therefore, the total number of subnets to be reserved is 4+2 = 6.

II. We want to implement maximum possible Hosts. Therefore, we need to minimize the number of subnets. This minimum number is 6 here. If we reserve 2 bits, it results in only 2^2=4 subnets which is  less than 6.  Therefore, we have to reserve 3 bits for implementing subnets, resulting in 2^3=8 subnets. This is now optimized for maximum number of Hosts (as we have optimized for minimum number of subnets).

III. Write the 3 bits available for subnetting in fourth octet in the form 11100000 (Five 0s being Host bits). The decimal equivalent is 2^7+2^6+2^5

= 128 + 64  +32   = 224.

IV. Therefore, the subnet mask required is 255.255.255.224.

7. 127.0.0.1 is the local loop back address.  

8. In an internetwork, the number of distinct IPs' required are

1.      One each per client computer

2.      One each per server computer

3.      One each per router interface.

For example, your network has 2 servers, 26 clients machines, and 2 router interfaces the total number of IP addresses required are 30.  

9.  Finding the number of Hosts and subnets available for a given subnet mask: For example, let us find the number of hosts and subnets available for an IP 156.233.42.56 with a subnet mask of 7 bits.

a. Class B network has the form N.N.H.H, the default subnet mask is 16 bits long. There is additional subnet mask of 7 bits long.

b. 7 bits of subnet mask corresponds to (2^7-2)=128-2 = 126 subnets.

c. 9 bits (16-7) of host addresses corresponds to (2^9-2)=512-2 = 510 hosts.

Some times, the subnet mask is specified with the bits available in the default subnet mask. In this case the bits available in default subnet mask is 16. Therefore, total number of bits available in the subnet mask are 16+7=23. If you are given a subnet mask of 23 bits long for a class B address, it is understood that it contains the bits from the default subnet mask as well.

           Hence, 126 subnets and 510 hosts are available.

10. The directed broadcast should reach all Hosts on the intended network (or subnet, if sub netted). For example, the directed broadcast address for an IP network 196.233.24.15 with default subnet mask is 196.233.24.255. This is arrived by putting all 1s for the host potion of the IP address.

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